metabolic modulator raises a handful of sensible questions. This page answers them in order, starting with the fundamentals and moving to applications.
Reviewed 2026-08-01. Anything still debated is marked as such rather than presented as settled.
SR9009 is frequently discussed in fitness and research-chemical contexts, yet it has no approved medical indication. Regulatory agencies have not authorized it for human use, and it is not a standard prescription drug. Some sports organizations list it as a prohibited substance because of its potential performance-enhancing properties. Published human data are sparse, so claims about its effects in people often rely on animal models or anecdotal reports. Quality and identity of online materials can vary widely.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as a REV-ERB agonist. REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ are nuclear receptors that help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. The compound was identified in academic screening efforts to find synthetic ligands for these receptors. In cell and animal studies, SR9009 alters transcription of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, and it can shift circadian behavior. It is not an approved therapeutic agent.
Mechanistically, SR9009 binds the ligand-binding domain of REV-ERBα/β and enhances recruitment of corepressor complexes. This represses target genes rather than activating them. Because REV-ERB proteins normally compete with ROR proteins at shared response elements, the net effect depends on tissue and timing. Researchers use SR9009 to probe how nuclear receptor signaling links the clock to metabolism, inflammation, and muscle biology. Findings are largely preclinical, and the precise contribution of each receptor subtype remains under study.
At the molecular level, SR9009 binds REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ and alters their repressive activity on target genes. These nuclear receptors help regulate the circadian clock, lipid synthesis, glucose metabolism, and inflammatory pathways. By changing transcription, the compound can shift the timing or magnitude of downstream metabolic processes in model systems. It does not act through androgen receptors or adenosine receptors, which distinguishes it from several substances sold for athletic performance. Whether the same transcriptional changes occur in humans at tolerable exposures remains an open question because controlled human studies are lacking.
Preclinical reports describe effects on exercise endurance, mitochondrial content, and lipid profiles in rodents, but these findings come from specific experimental conditions. Many studies use high doses or delivery methods that may not translate directly to human use. SR9009 has been reported to have low oral bioavailability and a short half-life, which complicates interpretation of oral dosing studies. It is not established as safe or effective for any indication. Literature discussions often separate its pharmacological mechanism from unverified claims made in fitness and supplement markets.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is not an approved medicine and has no established human therapeutic use. The compound appears in scientific literature as a tool for probing circadian and metabolic regulation. Online sellers often label it as a research chemical, sometimes using the nickname Stenabolic. Its chemical identity is distinct from selective androgen receptor modulators, stimulants, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonists. Researchers use it mainly in cell and animal experiments.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical class | Synthetic REV-ERB agonist | Small-molecule ligand; not a hormone or peptide |
| Molecular formula | C20H24ClN3O4S | Reported for the free base |
| CAS Registry Number | 1379686-30-2 | Unique chemical identifier |
| Common synonyms | SR9009; stenabolic | Stenabolic is informal and not an official name |
| Reported targets | REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ | Nuclear receptors linked to circadian and metabolic regulation |
Laboratory samples of SR9009 are typically supplied as a white to off-white powder. The compound dissolves readily in organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol, while its solubility in water is low. Because of this solubility profile, researchers often prepare concentrated stock solutions in an organic solvent before diluting them into aqueous assay buffers. Light exposure, moisture, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles can degrade many small molecules, so handling procedures usually aim to minimize these factors. Purity is commonly checked before use.
Storage conditions for research-grade SR9009 generally involve a freezer at approximately minus twenty degrees Celsius, sometimes lower for long-term preservation. Containers should remain tightly closed and protected from light. Desiccants may be used to limit moisture uptake. Solutions are often stored in aliquots to avoid repeated warming and cooling. Stability data for the compound under various conditions are limited, so laboratories typically follow supplier recommendations and verify performance through periodic analytical checks rather than assuming indefinite stability.
Regulatory agencies have not approved SR9009 for human therapeutic use. It is typically sold as a research chemical with labels stating that it is not for human consumption. The World Anti-Doping Agency prohibits the substance in sport, generally under the category of non-approved substances. Customs and national laws may restrict importation, sale, or possession. Product quality and legal status can vary by country and vendor, and therapeutic claims are not permitted in regulated advertising because the compound lacks approval.
Several misconceptions surround SR9009. It is often described as a SARM, a steroid, or an exercise pill, but its known target is the REV-ERB receptor family. Rodent studies have examined exercise capacity and metabolic markers, yet human outcomes remain unproven. Oral bioavailability appears low in animals, and human pharmacokinetics are not well characterized. Online products may contain impurities or different compounds, so identity and purity testing are important for research use.
Analytical chemists detect SR9009 with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, commonly abbreviated LC-MS/MS. Sample preparation may involve protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, or solid-phase extraction before analysis. Laboratories can target the parent compound or its metabolites, depending on the matrix and the purpose of testing. Anti-doping methods require sensitive and specific assays because concentrations in biological samples can be low. Reference standards and validated methods are essential for reliable identification and quantification.
For long-term storage, SR9009 is typically kept as a solid at low temperature, protected from moisture and light. Desiccated conditions limit hydrolysis, while opaque containers reduce photochemical breakdown. Solutions are less stable than solids and are often stored frozen in aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Stability data are not standardized across all suppliers, so users should rely on certificate-of-analysis information when available. Degradation may appear as color change, precipitate, or decreased chromatographic purity.
Laboratory identification of SR9009 typically relies on chromatographic separation coupled to mass spectrometry, often with ultraviolet detection as a secondary check. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can confirm molecular structure when a reference standard is available. Because many suppliers sell the compound as a research chemical, independent identity testing is important for experimental reproducibility. A single retention time is not sufficient proof of identity, especially when related compounds may be present. Purity assessments usually report a percentage based on area normalization.
SR9009 is generally described as poorly soluble in water and more soluble in organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol. Stock solutions are commonly prepared in an organic solvent before dilution into an aqueous buffer or vehicle. Precipitation can occur if the organic fraction is reduced too quickly or if the final concentration exceeds the compound's solubility limit. Sonication or gentle warming may aid dissolution in some protocols, but excessive heat can promote degradation. Container material and pH can also influence observed solubility.
SR9009 is often grouped with compounds studied for circadian and metabolic regulation rather than with classical anabolic steroids. Its interactions with nuclear receptors differ from those of androgen receptor ligands, and its proposed mechanisms involve transcriptional control rather than direct hormone signaling. Some sources classify it as a metabolic modulator because of observed effects on energy utilization. The distinction matters for regulation and for interpreting research results across different compound classes.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule developed as a REV-ERB agonist. It binds to REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ, nuclear receptors that help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. In cell and animal studies, the compound alters lipid and glucose handling and influences skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. Its exact effects in humans remain largely uncharacterized because controlled clinical trials have not been reported. The molecule is frequently described in preclinical literature as a metabolic modulator.
=== Genetics === People can also develop CJD because they carry a mutation of the gene that codes for the prion protein (PRNP), located on chromosome 202p12-pter. This occurs in only 10–15% of all CJD cases. In sporadic cases, the misfolding of the prion protein is a process that is hypothesized to occur as a result of the effects of aging on cellular machinery, explaining why the disease often appears later in life. An EU study determined that "87% of cases were sporadic, 8% genetic, 5% iatrogenic and less than 1% variant."
== Employment == Biochemists are typically employed in the life sciences, where they work in the pharmaceutical or biotechnology industry in a research role. They are also employed in academic institutes, where in addition to pursuing their research, they may also be involved with teaching undergraduates, training graduate students, and collaborating with post-doctoral fellows. Because of a biochemists' background in both biology and chemistry, they may also be employed in the medical, industrial, governmental, and environmental fields. Slightly more than half of the biological scientists are employed by the Federal State and local governments. The field of medicine includes nutrition, genetics, biophysics, and pharmacology; industry includes beverage and food technology, toxicology, and vaccine production; while the governmental and environmental fields includes forensic science, wildlife management, marine biology, and viticulture. The average income of a biochemist was $82,150 in 2017. The range of the salaries begin around 44,640 to 153,810, reported in 2017. The United States Federal Government in 2005 reported the average salaries in different fields associated with biochemistry and being a biochemist. General biological scientists in nonsupervisory, supervisory, and managerial positions earned an average salary of $69,908; microbiologists, $80,798; ecologists, $72,021; physiologists, $93,208; geneticists, $85,170; zoologists, $101,601; and botanists, $62,207.
The words protein, polypeptide, and peptide are a little ambiguous and can overlap in meaning. Protein is generally used to refer to the complete biological molecule in a stable conformation, whereas peptide is generally reserved for a short amino acid oligomers often lacking a stable 3D structure. But the boundary between the two is not well defined and usually lies near 20–30 residues. Proteins can interact with many types of molecules and ions, including with other proteins, with lipids, with carbohydrates, and with DNA.
As for Thrombotic disease, there have been several attempts to identify the contribution of α2β1-related genes to the development of this disorder. For example, polymorphisms in the ITGA2 gene can influence the density of α2β1 receptors in the platelet membrane, thus affecting the interaction of platelets with collagen and, consequently, their ability to form thrombi. However, the relationship of the described polymorphisms to myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke was rather inconsistent. It has also been reported that ITGA2 can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Overexpression of the ITGA2 gene is correlated with worse outcomes of several types of cancers, which implies the possibility of predicting aggressiveness, metastasis and survival based on the expression of this protein. With further development of transcriptomics and proteomics studies, ITGA2 was recognized as one of the candidates for a biomarker of disease progression and evaluation of the effect of targeted therapies. Since this integrin is responsible for many pathologies, it has become an attractive target for therapy. Monoclonal antibodies, peptides, and other molecules were developed to inhibit the functions of integrin α2β1 related to binding of cells to extracellular matrix components and subsequent signal transduction. However, there are no specific therapeutic agents targeting integrin α2β1 currently available for clinical use.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
does not give credibility to the report and asserting that the Iranian regime is the only party committing war crimes in the conflict. The U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) previously denied responsibility for the strike in Lamerd and stated it was investigating the incident in Minab.
== Related products == Waferboard belongs to the subset of reconstituted wood panel products called flakeboards. It is a structural material made from rectangular wood flakes of controlled length and thickness bonded together with waterproof phenolic resin under extreme heat and pressure. The layers of flakes are not oriented, which makes it easier to manufacture. Waferboard is used as a material to build cheap furniture. This type of furniture is usually laminated. Materials other than wood have been used to produce products similar to OSB. Oriented structural straw board is an engineered board made by splitting straw and formed by adding P-MDI adhesives and then hot compressing layers of straw in specific orientations. Strand board can also be made from bagasse.
== Genetics and strains == Mice are mammals of the clade (a group consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants) Euarchontoglires, which means they are amongst the closest non-primate relatives of humans along with lagomorphs, treeshrews, and flying lemurs.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
==== MeSH E05.318.308 – data collection ==== MeSH E05.318.308.225 – geriatric assessment MeSH E05.318.308.250 – health surveys MeSH E05.318.308.250.149 – behavioral risk factor surveillance system MeSH E05.318.308.250.300 – dental health surveys MeSH E05.318.308.250.300.300 – dental plaque index MeSH E05.318.308.250.300.350 – dmf index MeSH E05.318.308.250.300.675 – oral hygiene index MeSH E05.318.308.250.300.725 – periodontal index MeSH E05.318.308.250.475 – health status indicators MeSH E05.318.308.250.475.365 – apache MeSH E05.318.308.250.475.547 – severity of illness index MeSH E05.318.308.250.475.547.500 – karnofsky performance status MeSH E05.318.308.250.475.730 – sickness impact profile MeSH E05.318.308.250.580 – mass screening MeSH E05.318.308.250.580.174 – anonymous testing MeSH E05.318.308.250.580.350 – genetic screening MeSH E05.318.308.250.580.510 – mass chest x-ray MeSH E05.318.308.250.580.560 – multiphasic screening MeSH E05.318.308.250.580.580 – neonatal screening MeSH E05.318.308.250.580.925 – vision screening MeSH E05.318.308.250.600 – nutrition surveys MeSH E05.318.308.250.600.350 – diet surveys MeSH E05.318.308.250.700 – population surveillance MeSH E05.318.308.250.700.650 – sentinel surveillance MeSH E05.318.308.335 – health care surveys MeSH E05.318.308.420 – interviews MeSH E05.318.308.420.200 – focus groups MeSH E05.318.308.502 – narration MeSH E05.318.308.585 – nutrition assessment MeSH E05.318.308.585.550 – nutrition surveys MeSH E05.318.308.585.550.350 – diet surveys MeSH E05.318.308.750 – questionnaires MeSH E05.318.308.940 – records MeSH E05.318.308.940.250 – birth certificates MeSH E05.318.308.940.350 – death certificates MeSH E05.318.308.940.375 – dental records MeSH E05.318.308.940.425 – hospital records MeSH E05.318.308.940.968 – medical records MeSH E05.318.308.940.968.500 – medical record linkage MeSH E05.318.308.940.968.625 – medical records systems, computerized MeSH E05.318.308.940.968.750 – medical records, problem-oriented MeSH E05.318.308.940.968.875 – trauma severity indices MeSH E05.318.308.940.968.875.125 – abbreviated injury scale MeSH E05.318.308.940.968.875.250 – glasgow coma scale MeSH E05.318.308.940.968.875.260 – glasgow outcome scale MeSH E05.318.308.940.968.875.500 – injury severity score MeSH E05.318.308.940.984 – nursing records MeSH E05.318.308.970 – registries MeSH E05.318.308.970.725 – seer program MeSH E05.318.308.985 – vital statistics MeSH E05.318.308.985.450 – life expectancy MeSH E05.318.308.985.475 – life tables MeSH E05.318.308.985.525 – morbidity MeSH E05.318.308.985.525.080 – basic reproduction number MeSH E05.318.308.985.525.375 – incidence MeSH E05.318.308.985.525.750 – prevalence MeSH E05.318.308.985.550 – mortality MeSH E05.318.308.985.550.250 – cause of death MeSH E05.318.308.985.550.287 – child mortality MeSH E05.318.308.985.550.325 – fatal outcome MeSH E05.318.308.985.550.362 – fetal mortality MeSH E05.318.308.985.550.400 – hospital mortality MeSH E05.318.308.985.550.475 – infant mortality MeSH E05.318.308.985.550.500 – maternal mortality MeSH E05.318.308.985.550.900 – survival rate MeSH E05.318.308.985.775 – pregnancy rate MeSH E05.318.308.985.775.500 – birth rate
=== Space science and planetary research === Space science and planetary research at the University of Arizona are largely conducted through the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory (LPL), which has led or contributed to numerous NASA missions. The university received more than $325 million for the LPL to lead NASA's 2007–08 Phoenix Mars Mission, which explored the Martian Arctic. It later received another $800 million for the OSIRIS-REx mission, the first mission in U.S. history to collect a sample from an asteroid. The LPL's contributions to the Cassini mission orbiting Saturn were larger than those of any other university in the world. University researchers designed and operated the spacecraft's atmospheric radiation and imaging investigations. The university also operates the HiRISE camera aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The spacecraft reached Mars in March 2006 after traveling 300 million miles. The University of Arizona-designed camera was led by planetary scientist Alfred McEwen, the project's principal investigator. HiRISE captured high-resolution images of the planet. In 2011, University of Arizona alumnus and planetary scientist Lujendra Ojha and his research team used HiRISE imagery to identify evidence of liquid water on the surface of Mars. NASA confirmed the discovery in 2015. The university receives more NASA grants annually than the next nine top NASA-Jet Propulsion Laboratory-funded universities combined. In August 2007, the University of Arizona, under the direction of planetary scientist Peter Smith, led the Phoenix Mars Mission.
overdose) with sympathomimetics, for instance caused by amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, or ephedrine. It has also specifically been found to block the sympathomimetic effects of MDMA. Dual α1 and beta blockers like carvedilol and labetalol may be more favorable for such purposes due to the possibility of "unopposed α-stimulation" with selective beta blockers.
== Career == Thomsen worked as a pharmacologist at Leo Pharma from 1989 to 1991 and was thereafter employed by Novo Nordisk in as head of Growth Hormone Research. He became senior vice president for diabetes R&D in 1994 and was appointed senior vice president of Health Care Discovery in 1995. In November 2000, he was appointed executive vice president of Global R&D and chief scientific officer (CSO). As chief scientific officer, he was responsible for the research and development of 20 medicine products within diabetes, obesity and biopharmaceuticals. He led the development of GLP-1 therapies that today are among the leading treatments within type 2 diabetes and obesity. He left the position as executive vice president of R&D on February 28, 2021, and took the role as CEO of the Novo Nordisk Foundation on March 1, 2021. He has been the president of the Danish Academy of Technical Sciences and has been on the board of directors at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) and University of Copenhagen. From 2017 to 2020, Thomsen was the chairman of the board of directors at University of Copenhagen. Mads Krogsgaard Thomsen received the royal decoration of Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog by the Danish Royal House on 12 December 2022. In 2024, Thomsen received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement, presented by Awards Council member Robert S. Langer.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
SR9009 is a synthetic compound investigated as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is used in preclinical research on circadian rhythm and metabolism. It is not an approved drug.
No. It has no approved medical indication, and human safety and efficacy data are limited. It appears in research chemical markets and is banned by some sports authorities.
Natural ligands include heme and certain metabolites; SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule with higher potency and selectivity in some assays. Its effects depend on cell type and timing. It is not a naturally occurring compound.
SR9009 is a synthetic REV-ERB agonist used in laboratory research. It is not an approved drug, and its effects in humans are not well characterized. It is often sold as a research chemical under the name Stenabolic.