Everything below concerns HPLC-UV. We keep the language plain, cite what the science says, and separate well-supported claims from open questions.
Last reviewed on 2026-05-14. Where a claim depends on a specific study, the study is described rather than over-claimed.
At the molecular level, SR9009 binds REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ and alters their repressive activity on target genes. These nuclear receptors help regulate the circadian clock, lipid synthesis, glucose metabolism, and inflammatory pathways. By changing transcription, the compound can shift the timing or magnitude of downstream metabolic processes in model systems. It does not act through androgen receptors or adenosine receptors, which distinguishes it from several substances sold for athletic performance. Whether the same transcriptional changes occur in humans at tolerable exposures remains an open question because controlled human studies are lacking.
Preclinical reports describe effects on exercise endurance, mitochondrial content, and lipid profiles in rodents, but these findings come from specific experimental conditions. Many studies use high doses or delivery methods that may not translate directly to human use. SR9009 has been reported to have low oral bioavailability and a short half-life, which complicates interpretation of oral dosing studies. It is not established as safe or effective for any indication. Literature discussions often separate its pharmacological mechanism from unverified claims made in fitness and supplement markets.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule that acts on the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. These receptors are part of the circadian clock machinery and normally repress transcription of certain target genes. In laboratory research, SR9009 is used as a chemical tool to study how REV-ERB activity influences metabolism, inflammation, and daily biological rhythms. The compound is not an approved medicine, and its effects in humans remain largely uncharacterized. It is often described as an investigational agent rather than a therapeutic product.
REV-ERB proteins typically suppress gene expression by recruiting corepressor complexes to DNA response elements. SR9009 binds these receptors and strengthens that repressive action in cell-based assays. Studies in rodents have reported changes in lipid handling, mitochondrial function, and exercise capacity after treatment. Such findings are often cited as evidence for metabolic effects, but species differences and limited pharmacokinetic data make direct translation to humans uncertain. Researchers continue to examine which effects are robust and which depend on specific experimental conditions.
SR9009 is frequently discussed alongside other REV-ERB ligands, including synthetic agonists and natural heme-related molecules. Its selectivity for REV-ERB over related nuclear receptors has been measured in binding and reporter assays, though off-target activity at higher concentrations is possible. The compound is prohibited in sport by the World Anti-Doping Agency, and it is not approved for any medical use in major jurisdictions. Products sold online may be labeled as research chemicals, and their identity and purity are not guaranteed by regulatory review.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C20H24ClN3O4S | Derived from published structure. |
| Molecular weight | 437.94 g/mol | Calculated value. |
| Appearance | White to off-white solid | Typical for purified research samples. |
| Solubility | DMSO, ethanol; low in water | Class: poorly water-soluble. |
| Typical storage | -20 °C, desiccated, protected from light | Limits degradation. |
In laboratory settings, SR9009 is typically characterized by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) or high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). These methods can confirm identity and estimate purity, but they require reference standards for accurate quantification. Because SR9009 is not a licensed pharmaceutical, no harmonized pharmacopeial monograph exists. Laboratories often validate in-house methods for matrices such as plasma, urine, or cell culture media. Sample preparation may involve protein precipitation or liquid-liquid extraction before analysis.
Physicochemical behavior influences handling. SR9009 is described as a solid with limited aqueous solubility, so organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide or ethanol are common in research stock solutions. Aqueous dilution can produce precipitates if the organic content is too low. Light, heat, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles may affect stability. Storage recommendations usually specify a desiccated freezer environment protected from light, but exact stability data depend on the formulation and matrix.
Detection in biological samples can be complicated by rapid metabolism and low circulating concentrations. Some studies report phase I and phase II metabolites, and analytical methods may need to target those species in addition to the parent compound. Immunoassays are not broadly available, so mass spectrometry remains the main confirmatory approach. For anti-doping testing, laboratories look for SR9009 and its metabolites using validated LC-MS methods. Open questions include how long metabolites remain detectable and how different routes of administration alter detection windows.
=== Nonsyndromic deafness === Mutations in the COL11A2 gene have been shown to cause hearing loss without other signs or symptoms (nonsyndromic deafness autosomal dominant) in two large families. One family carries a mutation that substitutes the amino acid cysteine (a building block of proteins) for the amino acid arginine at position 549 (written as Arg549Cys) in the alpha 2 chain of type XI collagen. A second family has a mutation that substitutes the amino acid glutamic acid for the amino acid glycine at position 323 (written as Gly323Glu) in this protein. These mutations prevent the normal assembly of type XI collagen. Type XI collagen plays an important role in the structure and function of the inner ear. When mutations in the COL11A2 gene affect the structure of collagen fibrils, hearing loss can result.
== Further reading == (in French) Bernardi AC (1858). Monographie du genre Conus (in French). Berschauer D. (2010). Technology and the Fall of the Mono-Generic Family The Cone Collector 15: pp. 51–54 Bruguière JG (1792). "Histoire Naturelle des Vers". Encyclopédie Méthodique. Vol. 1. Paris: Panckoucke. pp. 345–757. Clench WJ (1942). "The Genus Conus in the Western Atlantic". Johnsonia. 1 (6): 1–40. Coltro Jr J (2004). "New species of Conidae from northeastern Brazil (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". Strombus. 11: 1–16. Flomenbaum NE, Goldfrank LR, Hoffman RS, Howland MA, Lewin NA, Nelson LS, eds. (28 March 2006). Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-143763-9. Franklin JB, Subramanian KA, Fernando SA, Krishnan KS (2009). "Diversity and Distribution of Conidae from the Tamil Nadu Coast of India (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Conidae)". Zootaxa. 2250: 1–63. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2250.1.1. Franklin JB, Fernando SA, Chalke BA, Krishnan KS (2007). "Radular morphology of Conus (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Conidae) from India" (PDF). Molluscan Research. 27 (3): 111–122. doi:10.11646/mr.27.3.1. García EF (2006). "Conus sauros, a new Conus species (Gastropoda: Conidae) from the Gulf of Mexico". Novapex. 7: 71–76. Gmelin, J. F. 1791. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae. Editio decima tertia. Systema Naturae, 13th ed., vol. 1(6): 3021–3910. Lipsiae. Kiener LC (1845). "Genre Cone. (Conus, Lin.).". Spécies Général et Iconographie des Coquilles Vivantes. Vol. 2. pp. 1–111. Kohn A. A. (1992). "Chronological Taxonomy of Conus, 1758-1840".
In June 2013, two biosimilar versions (Inflectra and Remsima) were submitted for approval in the European Union, by Hospira and Celltrion Healthcare respectively. Both had a positive opinion from European Medicines Agency's (EMA) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) for sale in the European Union (EU). Celltrion obtained marketing authorization approval (MAA) from 27 EU countries and 3 EEA (European Economic Area) countries by September 2013. Inflectra was approved for use in the European Union in September 2013, and Remsima was approved for use in the European Union in October 2013. In Japan, Celltrion received marketing authorization for Remsima from Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) in July 2014. In India, Epirus Biopharmaceuticals obtained approval to produce biosimilar infliximab under the brand name "Infimab" (trail name BOW015). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Celltrion/Hospira/Pfizer's Inflectra (infliximab-dyyb) in April 2016. The FDA approved Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd.'s Renflexis (infliximab-abda) in April 2017. Biogen released another biosimilar, Flixabi, which was approved in Germany, the UK, and the Netherlands. Flixabi was approved for use in the European Union in May 2016. In December 2017, Ixifi (infliximab-qbtx) was approved in the United States. Zessly was approved for use in the European Union in May 2018. In December 2019, Avsola (infliximab-axxq) was approved in the United States. Avsola was approved for medical use in Canada in March 2020.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Any of a wide variety of molecular biology methods involving the rapid production of millions or billions of copies of a specific DNA sequence, allowing scientists to selectively amplify fragments of a very small sample to a quantity large enough to study in detail. In its simplest form, PCR generally involves the incubation of a target DNA sample of known or unknown sequence with a reaction mixture consisting of oligonucleotide primers, a heat-stable DNA polymerase, and free deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs), all of which are supplied in excess. This mixture is then alternately heated and cooled to pre-determined temperatures for pre-determined lengths of time according to a specified pattern which is repeated for many cycles, typically in a thermal cycler which automatically controls the required temperature variations. In each cycle, the most basic of which includes a denaturation phase, annealing phase, and elongation phase, the copies synthesized in the previous cycle are used as templates for synthesis in the next cycle, causing a chain reaction that results in the exponential growth of the total number of copies in the reaction mixture. Amplification by PCR has become a standard technique in virtually all molecular biology laboratories.
Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails said in the 2010 documentary Rush: Beyond the Lighted Stage that Rush is one of his favourite bands, and he has also cited the band's early 1980s period in particular as a major influence on him in regard to incorporating keyboards and synthesizers into hard rock. Rush had been eligible for nomination into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame since 1998. The band was nominated for entry in 2012, and their induction was announced on December 11, 2012. A reason for their previous exclusion may have been their genre. USA Today writer Edna Gundersen criticized the Hall of Fame for excluding some genres, including progressive rock. Supporters cited the band's accomplishments, including longevity, proficiency, and influence, as well as commercial sales figures and RIAA certifications. In the years before induction, Lifeson expressed his indifference toward the perceived slight, saying, "I couldn't care less. Look who's up for induction; it's a joke". In his acceptance speech on the occasion of Rush's induction into the Roll Hall of Fame on April 18, 2013, Lifeson spontaneously recited his prepared text in "blah blah blah" speech, annoying his band fellows and confusing the audience. On April 24, 2010, the documentary Rush: Beyond the Lighted Stage, directed by Scot McFadyen and Sam Dunn, premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival. It received the Tribeca Film Festival Audience Award. The film was nominated for Best Long Form Music Video at the 53rd Grammy Awards, losing to When You're Strange, a documentary about The Doors.
The two substrates of this enzyme are shikimate and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). Its products are 3-dehydroshikimate, reduced NADPH, and a proton. This enzyme participates in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
SR9009 is a synthetic REV-ERB agonist used in laboratory research. It is not an approved drug, and its effects in humans are not well characterized. It is often sold as a research chemical under the name Stenabolic.
No. SR9009 targets the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ, not the androgen receptor. This mechanism differs from selective androgen receptor modulators and from exercise mimetics that act on PPARδ.
Published evidence is mainly preclinical, using cell cultures and animal models. Controlled human trials are not well documented in the public literature. Claims about human performance or health effects therefore remain unsupported by robust clinical data.
SR9009 is a synthetic research compound that binds and modulates the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is used in laboratory studies of circadian biology and metabolism, not as an approved medicine. It is also known by the informal name Stenabolic.